How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation (JOTR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chapman T. Proteins on the move. Nature 2004;430(6995):111.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tarascon JM., Armand M. Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature 2001;414(6861):359–67.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cravatt BF., Simon GM., Yates JR 3rd. The biological impact of mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. Nature 2007;450(7172):991–1000.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mahendiran K., Elie C., Nebel J-C., et al. Primary sequence contribution to the optical function of the eye lens. Sci Rep 2014;4:5195.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wilmott P., Orrell D. The Money Formula. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Casanovas P., Pagallo U., Sartor G., et al. AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems. Complex Systems, the Semantic Web, Ontologies, Argumentation, and Dialogue: International Workshops AICOL-I/IVR-XXIV Beijing, China, September19, 2009 and AICOL-II/JURIX 2009, Rotterdam,The Netherlands, December 16, 2009 Revised Selected Papers. vol. 6237. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Mehling H., Cabeza LF. Design of latent heat storages. In: Cabeza LF, editor. Heat and cold storage with PCM: An up to date introduction into basics and applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 137–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation.

Blog post

Andrew E. Was Peter Thiel’s Funding Of The Gawker Case An Abuse Of Legal Process? IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/was-peter-thiel-s-funding-gawker-case-abuse-legal-process/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. International Space Station: Approaches for Ensuring Utilization through 2020 Are Reasonable but Should Be Revisited as NASA Gains More Knowledge of On-Orbit Performance. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mihalcin D. A comparison of the Children’s Functional Assessment Rating Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist used in a wraparound program. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. Needles Click to a Younger Beat. New York Times 1998:144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Trauma Rehabil.
ISSN (print)	2210-4917
ISSN (online)	2210-4925
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation