How to format your references using the Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mellars, P. Neanderthals and the Modern Human Colonization of Europe. Nature 2004, 432, 461–465.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mabuchi, H.; Doherty, A.C. Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics: Coherence in Context. Science 2002, 298, 1372–1377.

A journal article with 3 authors

Simpson, A.G.B.; MacQuarrie, E.K.; Roger, A.J. Eukaryotic Evolution: Early Origin of Canonical Introns. Nature 2002, 419, 270.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lim, J.J.; Seol, D.W.; Choi, K.H.; Shin, D.H.; Kim, H.J.; Song, S.-H.; Lee, D.R. Spermatogonial Stem Cell Enrichment Using Simple Grafting of Testis and in Vitro Cultivation. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5923.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Crowl, D.A. Understanding Explosions; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2003; ISBN 9780470925287.

An edited book

ROMANSY 21 - Robot Design, Dynamics and Control: Proceedings of the 21st CISM-IFToMM Symposium, June 20-23, Udine, Italy; Parenti-Castelli, V., Schiehlen, W., Eds.; CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Courses and Lectures; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; Vol. 569; ISBN 9783319337135.

A chapter in an edited book

Rogers, C.J.; Colbert, L.H.; Perkins, S.N.; Hursting, S.D. Calorie Restriction, Exercise, and Colon Cancer Prevention: A Mechanistic Perspective. In Physical Activity, Dietary Calorie Restriction, and Cancer; McTiernan, A., Ed.; Springer: New York, NY, 2011; pp. 69–97 ISBN 9781441975508.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine.

Blog post

Fang, J. How Can We Tell What Color An Extinct Animal Was? (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office School Technology: Five School Districts’ Experiences in Financing Technology Programs; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1998;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lambert, M. Generational Differences in the Workplace: The Perspectives of Three Generations on Career Mobility. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University: Washington, DC, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. Mystery of the Missing Tenants. New York Times 2002, 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine
ISSN (online)	2504-463X
Scope