How to format your references using the Journal of Outdoor Activities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Outdoor Activities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Magistretti, P. J. (2009). Neuroscience. Low-cost travel in neurons. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5946), 1349–1351.

A journal article with 2 authors

Luo, M.-X., & Wang, X. (2014). Parallel photonic quantum computation assisted by quantum dots in one-side optical microcavities. Scientific Reports, 4, 5732.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen, S.-K., Badea, T. C., & Hattar, S. (2011). Photoentrainment and pupillary light reflex are mediated by distinct populations of ipRGCs. Nature, 476(7358), 92–95.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Lecossier, D., Bouchonnet, F., Clavel, F., & Hance, A. J. (2003). Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5622), 1112.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Soustelle, M. (2016). Phase Transformations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tejchman, J. (2010). Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Steel-Fibrous Concrete (J. Kozicki, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gahbiche, S., Pernelle, N., & Saïs, F. (2012). Explaining Reference Reconciliation Decisions: A Coloured Petri Nets Based Approach. In F. Guillet, G. Ritschard, & D. A. Zighed (Eds.), Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Management: Volume 2 (pp. 63–81). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Outdoor Activities.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, August 5). Being Overweight Ages Your Brain By Ten Years. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/being-overweight-ages-brain-ten-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Intercity Passenger Rail: Financial Performance of Amtrak’s Routes (RCED-98-151). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dennard, B. (2017). The Impact of Racial Centrality on Authenticity and the Race-Based Impression Management Strategies of Black Management Consultants [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Liptak, A., & Walsh, M. W. (2015, December 5). Top Court Will Decide Puerto Rico Debt Cases. New York Times, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Magistretti, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Luo & Wang, 2014; Magistretti, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Luo & Wang, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Lecossier et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Outdoor Activities
ISSN (print)	1802-3908
Scope