How to format your references using the Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Wickware, Fields of dreams, Nature 415 (2002) 4–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.M. Lauder, R. Oppenheim, Obituary. Viktor Hamburger (1900-2001), Nature 412 (2001) 496.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M.G. Salter, K.A. Franklin, G.C. Whitelam, Gating of the rapid shade-avoidance response by the circadian clock in plants, Nature 426 (2003) 680–683.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Colombani, L. Bianchini, S. Layalle, E. Pondeville, C. Dauphin-Villemant, C. Antoniewski, C. Carré, S. Noselli, P. Léopold, Antagonistic actions of ecdysone and insulins determine final size in Drosophila, Science 310 (2005) 667–670.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R. Blair, Organic Production and Food Quality, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

A. Wanninger, ed., Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 2: Lophotrochozoa (Spiralia), 1st ed. 2015, Springer, Vienna, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Regine, M. Atzori, R. Fabbri, Mdc in ecografia pediatrica e nello studio dei reflussi vescico-uretrali: «cistosonografia», in: M. Atzori, R. Fabbri (Eds.), Ecocontrastografia Dell’apparato Urinario, Springer, Milano, 2012: pp. 45–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Millions Of Baby Spiders Rain Down From The Sky In Australia, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/million-baby-spiders-rain-down-sky-australia/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, The Federal Weather Program Must Have Stronger Central Direction, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

B.S. Mazyck, Leadership behavior and teacher attrition: A qualitative phenomenological inquiry of job satisfaction, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, Property Damage but No Injuries in Tornado, New York Times (2007) LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Abbreviation	J. Parallel Distrib. Comput.
ISSN (print)	0743-7315
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Software Theoretical Computer Science