How to format your references using the Journal of Primary Health Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Primary Health Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baker M. Cellular imaging: Taking a long, hard look. Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1137–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Harris KD, Mrsic-Flogel TD. Cortical connectivity and sensory coding. Nature. 2013 Nov 7;503(7474):51–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zheng RL, Zhang H, Jiang WL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha 308G>A polymorphism and risk of rheumatic heart disease: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2014 Apr 22;4:4731.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bonhoeffer S, Chappey C, Parkin NT, Whitcomb JM, Petropoulos CJ. Evidence for positive epistasis in HIV-1. Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1547–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burd B. Java® For Dummies®. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Lippens PE, Jumas JC, Génin JMR, editors. ICAME 2005: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect (ICAME 2005) held in Montpellier, France, 4–9 September 2005, Volume I (Part I–II/V). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. XII, 714 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Cunha-e-Silva NL, Sant’Anna C, Pereira MG, de Souza W. Reservosomes of Trypanosoma cruzi. In: de Souza W, editor. Structures and Organelles in Pathogenic Protists. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 115–30. (Microbiology Monographs).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Primary Health Care.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. Natural Cancer Remedies: Sorting Fact From Fiction.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Truck Safety: Motor Carriers Office’s Activities to Reduce Fatalities Are Likely to Have Little Short-term Effect. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Feb. Report No.: T-RCED-99-89.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Detoya MS. Canned Food Choices of College Students Using the Nuval ® Nutrient-Profiling System [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis J. In Debt, but Undaunted, a Mother Finds Her Home. New York Times. 2016 Dec 8;A28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Primary Health Care
Abbreviation	J. Prim. Health Care
ISSN (print)	1172-6164
ISSN (online)	1172-6156
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health