How to format your references using the Journal of Radiation Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Radiation Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Forrest LR. Structural biology. (Pseudo-)symmetrical transport. Science 2013;339:399–401.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Osborne I, Coontz R. Quantum wonderland. Introduction to special issue. Science 2008;319:1201.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. True HL, Berlin I, Lindquist SL. Epigenetic regulation of translation reveals hidden genetic variation to produce complex traits. Nature 2004;431:184–7.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Snodgrass C, Tubiana C, Vincent J-B et al. A collision in 2009 as the origin of the debris trail of asteroid P/2010 A2. Nature 2010;467:814–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kromidas S. Der HPLC-Experte. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2014.

An edited book

1. Gilbert BR ed. Ultrasound of the Male Genitalia. New York, NY: Springer, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Grigorian A, de Virgilio C, Hari DM. Abnormal Screening Mammogram. In: de Virgilio C, Frank PN, Grigorian A (eds.). Surgery: A Case Based Clinical Review. New York, NY: Springer, 2015, 37–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Radiation Research.

Blog post

1. Fang J. 9,300-Year-Old Frozen Bison Mummy Found in Siberia. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. IRS Management: Business and Systems Modernization Pose Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Perfitt T. Megaphone: Fault tolerant, scalable, and trustworthy peer-to-peer microblogging. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Murphy MJO. The Pokemon Go of the 1930s: Excuse Me, I Need to Find a Monkey and Head to the Waldorf. New York Times. July 22, 2016:C23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Radiation Research
Abbreviation	J. Radiat. Res.
ISSN (print)	0449-3060
ISSN (online)	1349-9157
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiation