How to format your references using the Journal of Rare Earths citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rare Earths. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cocroft R. An ecologist marvels at animals that learn to eavesdrop. Nature. 2009;460(7254):439.

A journal article with 2 authors

Palmer MA, Febria CM. Ecology. The heartbeat of ecosystems. Science. 2012;336(6087):1393-1394.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang L, Treisman A, Pashler H. Characterizing the limits of human visual awareness. Science. 2007;317(5839):823-825.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Quintyne NJ, Reing JE, Hoffelder DR, Gollin SM, Saunders WS. Spindle multipolarity is prevented by centrosomal clustering. Science. 2005;307(5706):127-129.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Madden BJ. Wealth Creation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Mariani J, Rosset S, Garnier-Rizet M, Devillers L, eds. Natural Interaction with Robots, Knowbots and Smartphones: Putting Spoken Dialog Systems into Practice. Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Huber B. The Role of Universities in Society. In: Liu NC, Cheng Y, Wang Q, eds. Matching Visibility and Performance: A Standing Challenge for World-Class Universities. SensePublishers; 2016:91-99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rare Earths.

Blog post

Andrew E. Researchers Uncover Potential Novel Treatment For Drug-Resistant TB. IFLScience. March 2, 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Education and Employment Issues: Issue Area Plan for Fiscal Year 1997-99. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zbeeb K. Transport and Dispersion of Fire Extinguishing Agents Downstream from Clutter Elements of Aircraft Engine Nacelles. Doctoral dissertation. Florida Atlantic University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Robinson L. By the Banks of the Tigris. New York Times. January 23, 2011:BR10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rare Earths
ISSN (print)	1002-0721
Scope