How to format your references using the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keimer, B. (2001). Physics. Quasi-particles survive--for now. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5521), 1498–1499.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cossart, P., & Sansonetti, P. J. (2004). Bacterial invasion: the paradigms of enteroinvasive pathogens. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5668), 242–248.

A journal article with 3 authors

West, M., Sánchez, J. J., & McNutt, S. R. (2005). Periodically triggered seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, after the Sumatra earthquake. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5725), 1144–1146.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wang, L., Lin, R. P., Larson, D. E., & Luhmann, J. G. (2008). Domination of heliosheath pressure by shock-accelerated pickup ions from observations of neutral atoms. Nature, 454(7200), 81–83.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tms. (2011). Engineering Solutions for Sustainability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ganz, P. A. (Ed.). (2015). Improving Outcomes for Breast Cancer Survivors: Perspectives on Research Challenges and Opportunities (Vol. 862). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Nagayoshi, S. (2013). A Case Study on Enterprise Transformation in a Medium-Size Japanese IT Service Provider: Business Process Change from the Ontological Perspective. In H. A. Proper, D. Aveiro, & K. Gaaloul (Eds.), Advances in Enterprise Engineering VII: Third Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, EEWC 2013, Luxembourg, May 13-14, 2013. Proceedings (pp. 43–57). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Risk and Uncertainty.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, August 28). Cranes Are Reluctant To Fly In The Fog. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cranes-are-reluctant-fly-fog/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). [Comments on the Federal Communications Commission’s Implementation of Section 254(h) of the Communications Act of 1934] (No. B-278820). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haire, K. K. (2015). Elucidation of the Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Drug-Induced Toxicity (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Frenkel, S., Scott, M., & Mozur, P. (2017, June 28). Mystery of Motive for a Ransomware Attack: Money, Mayhem or a Message? New York Times, p. A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Keimer 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Cossart and Sansonetti 2004; Keimer 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cossart and Sansonetti 2004)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
Abbreviation	J. Risk Uncertain.
ISSN (print)	0895-5646
ISSN (online)	1573-0476
Scope	Accounting Economics and Econometrics Finance