How to format your references using the Journal of Rural Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rural Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Norreys, P.A., 2008. Physics. Complexity in fusion plasmas. Science 319, 1193–1194.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin, L.B., Coon, C.A.C., 2010. Immunology. Infection protection and natural selection. Science 330, 602–603.

A journal article with 3 authors

Domnisoru, C., Kinkhabwala, A.A., Tank, D.W., 2013. Membrane potential dynamics of grid cells. Nature 495, 199–204.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Suzuki, Y., Sakai, N., Yoshida, A., Uekusa, Y., Yagi, A., Imaoka, Y., Ito, S., Karaki, K., Takeyasu, K., 2013. High-speed atomic force microscopy combined with inverted optical microscopy for studying cellular events. Sci. Rep. 3, 2131.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eggleston, B., 2008. The ICE Conditions of Contract: Seventh Edition. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Issar, A.S., 2007. Climate Change —: Environment and History of the Near East, 2nd Edition. ed. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Nicolau, M., Costelloe, D., 2014. Size Does Not Matter: Evolving Parameters for a Cayley Graph Visualiser Using 64 Bits, in: Romero, J., McDermott, J., Correia, J. (Eds.), Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design: Third European Conference, EvoMUSART 2014, Granada, Spain, April 23-25, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 38–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rural Studies.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. There Has Been A Mysterious Disruption Of Stratospheric Winds [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/there-has-been-a-mysterious-disruption-of-stratospheric-winds/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1994. [Request for Decision on EEOC Employee’s Claim for Transportation Expenses] (No. B-256635). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Learn, D.T., 2012. Differentiating instruction on the basis of cognitive tools: A case study of honors and mainstream middle school classes (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B., 2017. How Murdoch Became the King of England. New York Times AR7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Norreys, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Martin and Coon, 2010; Norreys, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Martin and Coon, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Suzuki et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rural Studies
Abbreviation	J. Rural Stud.
ISSN (print)	0743-0167
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Sociology and Political Science