How to format your references using the Journal of Safety Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Safety Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lavington, S. (2001). Obituary: Tom Kilburn (1921-2001). Nature, 409(6823), 996.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kimmins, S., & Sassone-Corsi, P. (2005). Chromatin remodelling and epigenetic features of germ cells. Nature, 434(7033), 583–589.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bayley, P. J., Frascino, J. C., & Squire, L. R. (2005). Robust habit learning in the absence of awareness and independent of the medial temporal lobe. Nature, 436(7050), 550–553.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Sharifi, S., Daghighi, S., Motazacker, M. M., Badlou, B., Sanjabi, B., Akbarkhanzadeh, A., Rowshani, A. T., Laurent, S., Peppelenbosch, M. P., & Rezaee, F. (2013). Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles alter expression of obesity and T2D-associated risk genes in human adipocytes. Scientific Reports, 3, 2173.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Crane, L. (2015). Knowledge and Discourse Matters. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Basu, A. (2007). Metagraphs and Their Applications (R. W. Blanning, Ed.; Vol. 15). Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Faceli, K., de Carvalho, A. C. P. L. F., & de Souto, M. C. P. (2007). Multi-Objective Clustering Ensemble with Prior Knowledge. In M.-F. Sagot & M. E. M. T. Walter (Eds.), Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: Second Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics, BSB 2007, Angra dos Reis, Brazil, August 29-31, 2007. Proceedings (pp. 34–45). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Safety Research.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2016, September 12). Round The World Trip Planned For First Boat Powered Entirely By Green Energy. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/round-the-world-trip-planned-for-first-boat-powered-entirely-by-green-energy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). Longer Combination Vehicles: Potential Infrastructure Impacts, Productivity Benefits, and Safety Concerns (T-RCED-94-306). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McAlpine, T. E. (2008). College students and career: An exploration of vocational anticipatory socialization [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2013, September 2). A Roof Is Planned, but It’s a Waiting Game for Fans and Players. New York Times, D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lavington, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Kimmins & Sassone-Corsi, 2005; Lavington, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kimmins & Sassone-Corsi, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Sharifi et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Safety Research
Abbreviation	J. Safety Res.
ISSN (print)	0022-4375
Scope	Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality