How to format your references using the Journal of Surgical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fenchel T. Ecology. Marine bugs and carbon flow. Science. 2001;292(5526):2444-2445.

A journal article with 2 authors

Day J, Beamish J. Low-temperature shear modulus changes in solid 4He and connection to supersolidity. Nature. 2007;450(7171):853-856.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thisse B, Wright CV, Thisse C. Activin- and Nodal-related factors control antero-posterior patterning of the zebrafish embryo. Nature. 2000;403(6768):425-428.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Camille N, Coricelli G, Sallet J, Pradat-Diehl P, Duhamel JR, Sirigu A. The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in the experience of regret. Science. 2004;304(5674):1167-1170.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Focardi SM, Fabozzi FJ, Bali TG. Mathematical Methods for Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Lehner F, Fteimi N, eds. Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management: 9th International Conference, KSEM 2016, Passau, Germany, October 5-7, 2016, Proceedings. Vol 9983. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Wasserman T, Wasserman LD. The Effect of Learning on the Development of the Connectome. In: Wasserman LD, ed. Depathologizing Psychopathology: The Neuroscience of Mental Illness and Its Treatment. Springer International Publishing; 2016:33-44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgical Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Can The Power Grid Survive A Cyberattack? IFLScience. June 9, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/can-power-grid-survive-cyberattack/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Status of the Research Fleet of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Constantine S. Supportive Services for Transitional and Emancipated Youth: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Levy CJ, Kishkovsky S. Russian Strikes Back at BP’s Chairman, as Oil Dispute Flares Again. New York Times. June 17, 2008:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgical Research
Abbreviation	J. Surg. Res.
ISSN (print)	0022-4804
Scope	Surgery