How to format your references using the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Watts C. 2004. Immunology. The bell tolls for phagosome maturation. Science. 304(5673):976–977.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fries M, Steele A. 2008. Graphite whiskers in CV3 meteorites. Science. 320(5872):91–93.

A journal article with 3 authors

McNamara AK, van Keken PE, Karato S-I. 2002. Development of anisotropic structure in the Earth’s lower mantle by solid-state convection. Nature. 416(6878):310–314.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Galinha C, Hofhuis H, Luijten M, Willemsen V, Blilou I, Heidstra R, Scheres B. 2007. PLETHORA proteins as dose-dependent master regulators of Arabidopsis root development. Nature. 449(7165):1053–1057.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Braudeau E, Assi AT, Mohtar RH. 2016. Hydrostructural Pedology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Dym H, Oliveira MC de, Putinar M (eds). 2012. Mathematical Methods in Systems, Optimization, and Control: Festschrift in Honor of J. William Helton. Springer, Basel.

A chapter in an edited book

Nowak JT, Klepzig KD, Coyle DR, Carothers WA, Gandhi KJK. 2016. Southern Pine Beetles in Central Hardwood Forests: Frequency, Spatial Extent, and Changes to Forest Structure, p 73–88. In: Greenberg CH, Collins BS (eds). Natural Disturbances and Historic Range of Variation: Type, Frequency, Severity, and Post-disturbance Structure in Central Hardwood Forests USA. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. Cougars Could Repopulate Midwestern U.S. In Just 25 Years. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cougars-could-repopulate-midwestern-us-just-25-years/. [accessed 30 Oct 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2007. Reading First: States Report Improvements in Reading Instruction, but Additional Procedures Would Clarify Education’s Role in Ensuring Proper Implementation by States. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Littlefield S. 2017. Application of Discrete Event Simulation to Modeling Reliability of Highly Parallel Systems with Common Cause Failures (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis J. 2017. Playing by Rules After Breaking Them for Years. New York Times. A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Watts 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Watts 2004; Fries and Steele 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fries and Steele 2008)
Three or more authors: (Galinha et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
ISSN (print)	0003-1062
ISSN (online)	2327-9788
Scope