How to format your references using the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gordon P. Numerical cognition without words: evidence from Amazonia. Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):496–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tyc T, Zhang X. Forum Optics: Perfect lenses in focus. Nature. 2011 Nov 30;480(7375):42–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rossi DJ, Oshima T, Attwell D. Glutamate release in severe brain ischaemia is mainly by reversed uptake. Nature. 2000 Jan 20;403(6767):316–21.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li X, Kind R, Priestley K, Sobolev SV, Tilmann F, Yuan X, et al. Mapping the Hawaiian plume conduit with converted seismic waves. Nature. 2000 Jun 22;405(6789):938–41.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Albalate A, Minker W. Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Herrero Á, Gastaldo P, Zunino R, Corchado E, editors. Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems: CISIS’09, 2nd International Workshop Burgos, Spain, September 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. XVI, 216 p. 71 illus. (Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing; vol. 63).

A chapter in an edited book

Kushalnagar R, Ramachandran V, Oh T. Tactile Captions: Augmenting Visual Captions. In: Miesenberger K, Fels D, Archambault D, Peňáz P, Zagler W, editors. Computers Helping People with Special Needs: 14th International Conference, ICCHP 2014, Paris, France, July 9-11, 2014, Proceedings, Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 25–32. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography.

Blog post

Andrews R. What The Heck Is This Weird Purple Blob Found Off The Coast Of California? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/what-the-heck-is-this-weird-purple-blob-found-off-the-coast-of-california/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites: Technical Problems, Cost Increases, and Schedule Delays Trigger Need for Difficult Trade-off Decisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Nov. Report No.: GAO-06-249T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Oteng Y. Enquête sur la Pluralité Culturelle: Identité et Marginalisation dans le Roman Francophone Colonial et Postcolonial (Chraïbi, Kane, Kourouma, Boudjedra, Ben Jelloun) [Doctoral dissertation]. [Cincinnati, OH]: University of Cincinnati; 2001.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fiske IH. WILLIAM MORRIS. New York Times. 1907 Mar 23;REVIEW OF BOOKSBR169.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Abbreviation	J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr.
ISSN (print)	0894-7317
ISSN (online)	1097-6795
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging