How to format your references using the Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology (JARO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bunk S (2001) Sandia scientists develop instruments at the crossroads. Nature 410:128–129

A journal article with 2 authors

Gaut BS, Ross-Ibarra J (2008) Selection on major components of angiosperm genomes. Science 320:484–486

A journal article with 3 authors

Babu MM, Kriwacki RW, Pappu RV (2012) Structural biology. Versatility from protein disorder. Science 337:1460–1461

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li B, Friston KJ, Liu J, et al (2014) Impaired frontal-basal ganglia connectivity in adolescents with internet addiction. Sci Rep 4:5027

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Daïan J-F (2014) Equilibrium and Transfer in Porous Media 2. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Isaias P (2015) High Level Models and Methodologies for Information Systems. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

De Leenheer P, Mens T (2008) Using Graph Transformation to Support Collaborative Ontology Evolution. In: Schürr A, Nagl M, Zündorf A (eds) Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance: Third International Symposium, AGTIVE 2007, Kassel, Germany, October 10-12, 2007, Revised Selected and Invited Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 44–58

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Remains Of An Enormous Sea Creature Are Baffling Beach-Goers In Wales. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Public Schools: Comparison of Achievement Results for Students Attending Privately Managed and Traditional Schools in Six Cities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zavarella CA (2008) Computer -based instruction and remedial mathematics: A study of student retention at a Florida community college. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J (2017) ‘Central Park Jogger’ Series on Netflix. New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bunk 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Bunk 2001; Gaut and Ross-Ibarra 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gaut and Ross-Ibarra 2008)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
Abbreviation	J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	1525-3961
ISSN (online)	1438-7573
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Sensory Systems