How to format your references using the Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Deweerdt S. Aetiology: Crucial clues. Nature. 2014 Sep 11;513(7517):S12-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Apesteguía S, Zaher H. A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1037–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meyer JC, Paillet M, Roth S. Single-molecule torsional pendulum. Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1539–41.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Podsypanina K, Du YCN, Jechlinger M, Beverly LJ, Hambardzumyan D, Varmus H. Seeding and propagation of untransformed mouse mammary cells in the lung. Science. 2008 Sep 26;321(5897):1841–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Decreusefond L, Moyal P. Stochastic Modeling and Analysis of Telecom Networks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Rotte A. Immunotherapy of Melanoma. Bhandaru M, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XI, 434 p. 59 illus., 52 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Held L, Sabanés Bové D. Likelihood Inference in Multiparameter Models. In: Sabanés Bové D, editor. Applied Statistical Inference: Likelihood and Bayes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 123–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association.

Blog post

Andrew E. Quit Sugar, Go Paleo, Embrace ‘Clean Food’: The Power Of Celebrity Nutrition [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/quit-sugar-go-paleo-embrace-clean-food-power-celebrity-nutrition/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Missile Development: Status and Issues at the Time of the TSSAM Termination Decision. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Jan. Report No.: NSIAD-95-46.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richard K. College Programs in Women’s Prisons: Faculty Perceptions of Teaching Higher Education Behind Bars [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. Missed Opportunities Are the Liberty’s Downfall. New York Times. 2000 Aug 25;D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association
ISSN (print)	0008-3194
ISSN (online)	1715-6181
Scope