How to format your references using the Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blow N. Small RNAs: delivering the future. Nature. 2007 Dec 13;450(7172):1117–20.

A journal article with 2 authors

Addiscott T, Brookes P. Nitrogen cycle: what governs nitrogen loss from forest soils? Nature. 2002 Aug 8;418(6898):604; discussion 604.

A journal article with 3 authors

Prieto MA, Brunetti G, Mack KH. Particle accelerators in the hot spots of radio galaxy 3C 445, imaged with the VLT. Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):193–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Beaufort L, Probert I, de Garidel-Thoron T, Bendif EM, Ruiz-Pino D, Metzl N, et al. Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification. Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):80–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Weverka P. Microsoft® PowerPoint® 2010 All-in-One for Dummies®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Brondízio ES, Moran EF, editors. Human-Environment Interactions: Current and Future Directions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. XXX, 406 p. (Human-Environment Interactions; vol. 1).

A chapter in an edited book

Cattaneo G, Ciucci D, Bianucci D. Entropy and Co–entropy of Partitions and Coverings with Applications to Roughness Theory. In: Bello R, Falcón R, Pedrycz W, Kacprzyk J, editors. Granular Computing: At the Junction of Rough Sets and Fuzzy Sets. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 55–77. (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan.

Blog post

Andrews R. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. One Of The World’s Largest Icebergs Is About To Break From Antarctica. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/worlds-largest-icebergs-break-antarctica/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Validity and Comparability of Quantitative Data Presented by the President’s Council on Integrity and Efficiency on Inspectors General Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982 May. Report No.: AFMD-82-78.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arab AA. Finite Element Modeling of Pretensioned Concrete Girders: A Methodological Approach with Applications in Large Strands and End Zone Cracking [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. Fighter Who Faked Death Is Sent to Prison for Robbery. New York Times. 2013 Nov 26;B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
Abbreviation	J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak.
ISSN (print)	1022-386X
ISSN (online)	1681-7168
Scope	General Medicine