How to format your references using the Journal of the Geological Society of London citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Geological Society of London. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lippard, S.J. 2007. Obituary: Frank Albert Cotton (1930-2007). Nature, 446, 626.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rammig, A. and Mahecha, M.D. 2015. Ecology: Ecosystem responses to climate extremes. Nature, 527, 315–316.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pier, H., Kapon, E. and Moser, M. 2000. Strain effects and phase transitions in photonic resonator crystals. Nature, 407, 880–883.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kofler, N., Collins, J.P., et al. 2018. Editing nature: Local roots of global governance. Science (New York, N.Y.), 362, 527–529.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hickey, R. 2013. A Dictionary of Varieties of English.

An edited book

Heather, J., Schneider, S. and Teague, V. (eds). 2013. E-Voting and Identify: 4th International Conference, Vote-ID 2013, Guildford, UK, July 17-19, 2013. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

A chapter in an edited book

Pla, L., Casanoves, F. and Di Rienzo, J. 2012. How to Estimate Functional Diversity Indices. In: Casanoves, F. and Di Rienzo, J. (eds) Quantifying Functional Biodiversity. SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science, 53–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Geological Society of London.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2015. New Tool Increases Battery Life Of Phones By 16%. IFLSciencehttps://www.iflscience.com/technology/hush-software-increases-battery-life-android-phones-16/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1999. Air Traffic Control: FAA’s Modernization Investment Management Approach Could Be Strengthened. RCED/AIMD-99-88.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Daysal, N.M. 2009. The Effects of Uninsurance on Hospitals and Patient Health. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman, J. 2017. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times, MM18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lippard 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Lippard 2007; Rammig and Mahecha 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rammig and Mahecha 2015)
Three or more authors: (Kofler et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Geological Society of London
Abbreviation	J. Geol. Soc. London
ISSN (print)	0016-7649
ISSN (online)	2041-479X
Scope	Geology