How to format your references using the Journal of The Institution of Engineers: Series A citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of The Institution of Engineers: Series A. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. J. Kaiser, Science 290, 1867a (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

1. F. J. Ciesla and S. A. Sandford, Science 336, 452 (2012).

A journal article with 3 authors

1. D. Kaganovich, R. Kopito, and J. Frydman, Nature 454, 1088 (2008).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. A. Moqrich, S. W. Hwang, T. J. Earley, M. J. Petrus, A. N. Murray, K. S. R. Spencer, M. Andahazy, G. M. Story, and A. Patapoutian, Science 307, 1468 (2005).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. A. Perez, Network Security (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014).

An edited book

1. R. Marlina and R. A. Giri, editors , The Pedagogy of English as an International Language: Perspectives from Scholars, Teachers, and Students (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014).

A chapter in an edited book

1. M. P. Zamorani and M. Valle, in Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System, edited by C. Martinoli (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007), pp. 137–185.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of The Institution of Engineers: Series A.

Blog post

1. E. Andrew, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office, ADP Acquisition: Army Civilian Personnel System (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1989).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. A. C. Otarola, The Effects of Turbulence in an Absorbing Atmosphere on the Propagation of Microwave Signals Used in an Active Sounding System, Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. K. Crow, New York Times 146 (2002).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of The Institution of Engineers: Series A
ISSN (print)	2250-2149
ISSN (online)	2250-2157
Scope