How to format your references using the Journal of the Knowledge Economy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Knowledge Economy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Frimmel, H. E. (2002). Geology. Genesis of the world’s largest gold deposits. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5588), 1815–1817.

A journal article with 2 authors

McCalley, C. K., & Sparks, J. P. (2009). Abiotic gas formation drives nitrogen loss from a desert ecosystem. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5954), 837–840.

A journal article with 3 authors

Izawa, Y., Pun, D., & Stahl, S. S. (2011). Palladium-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of substituted cyclohexanones to phenols. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6039), 209–213.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Fairclough, D. V., Brown, J. I., Carlish, B. J., Crisafulli, B. M., & Keay, I. S. (2014). Breathing life into fisheries stock assessments with citizen science. Scientific reports, 4, 7249.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

German Geotechnical Society. (2013). Taschenbuch für den Tunnelbau 2014. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Hiddemann, W. (Ed.). (2016). Handbook of Acute Leukemia. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

L’Hostis, A. (2013). Theoretical Models of Time-Space: The Role of Transport Networks in the Shrinking and Shrivelling of Geographical Space. In C. Rozenblat & G. Melançon (Eds.), Methods for Multilevel Analysis and Visualisation of Geographical Networks (pp. 55–66). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Knowledge Economy.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, April 28). The Evolution Of The Y Chromosome. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/evolution-y-chromosome/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). Intellectual Property: Patent Office Should Define Quality, Reassess Incentives, and Improve Clarity (No. GAO-16-490). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crider, M. C. (2012). The social and environmental effects of shrimp mariculture: Case studies of two coastal villages in Ecuador (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B. (2017, June 23). Arab Nations Present Demands to Qatar, Including That It Close Down Al Jazeera. New York Times, p. A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Frimmel 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Frimmel 2002; McCalley and Sparks 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (McCalley and Sparks 2009)
Three or more authors: (Fairclough et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Knowledge Economy
Abbreviation	J. Knowl. Econ.
ISSN (print)	1868-7865
ISSN (online)	1868-7873
Scope	Economics and Econometrics