How to format your references using the Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Carroll S. Insignificance. Nature 2004;429:27.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ives AR, Cardinale BJ. Food-web interactions govern the resistance of communities after non-random extinctions. Nature 2004;429:174–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Mason N, Biercuk MJ, Marcus CM. Local gate control of a carbon nanotube double quantum dot. Science 2004;303:655–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Langevin Y, Poulet F, Bibring J-P, Schmitt B, Douté S, Gondet B. Summer evolution of the north polar cap of Mars as observed by OMEGA/Mars Express. Science 2005;307:1581–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Westermeier R. Electrophoresis in Practice. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2004.

An edited book

[1]

Czachórski T, Kozielski S, Stańczyk U, editors. Man-Machine Interactions 2. vol. 103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Neiderhiser JM. Gene–Environment Interplay Helps to Explain Influences of Family Relationships on Adolescent Adjustment and Development. In: Booth A, McHale SM, Landale NS, editors. Biosocial Foundations of Family Processes, New York, NY: Springer; 2011, p. 71–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Why Rosetta Is The Greatest Space Mission Of Our Lifetime. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/why-rosetta-greatest-space-mission-our-lifetime/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Local Tax Abatement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Mycroft D. Minorities in leadership and financial performance of their Fortune 500 companies. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Leland J. Dance Moves, Everywhere. New York Times 2017:MB8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists
Abbreviation	J. World Fed. Orthod.
ISSN (print)	2212-4438
Scope	Orthodontics