How to format your references using the Journal of Tropical Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Tropical Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

LAWLER, A. 2000. SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION: Push to Revive Pluto Mission May Mean Competition for JPL. Science (New York, N.Y.) 290:1270–1271.

A journal article with 2 authors

SILLJÉ, H. H. W. & NIGG, E. A. 2003. Signal transduction. Capturing polo kinase. Science (New York, N.Y.) 299:1190–1191.

A journal article with 3 authors

LIU, S.-M., CHEN, W. & WANG, J. 2014. Distinguishing between cancer cell differentiation and resistance induced by all-trans retinoic acid using transcriptional profiles and functional pathway analysis. Scientific reports 4:5577.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

LAU, H. C., ROGERS, R. D., HAGGARD, P. & PASSINGHAM, R. E. 2004. Attention to intention. Science (New York, N.Y.) 303:1208–1210.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

SIMMENDINGER, H. 2013. HOAI 2013: Praxisleitfaden für Ingenieure und Architekten. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69451 Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

MOSSAKOWSKI, T. & KREOWSKI, H.-J. (Eds.). 2012. Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques: 20th International Workshop, WADT 2010, Etelsen, Germany, July 1-4, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. X, 303 p pp.

A chapter in an edited book

ALLAINMAT, L., BASKIN, A., DE PERROT, T., EIBER, M., SOUVATZOGLOU, M. & VALLÉE, J.-P. 2013. Prostate Cancers. Pp. 61–90 in Ratib, O., Schwaiger, M. & Beyer, T. (eds.). Atlas of PET/MR Imaging in Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Tropical Ecology.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. 2015, May 27. Don’t Panic About The Pill – It’s Safer Than Driving To Work. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE. 2012. Federal Communications Commission: Regulatory Fee Process Needs to Be Updated. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

SAFI SAMGHABADI, P. 2013. Kinematic analysis and control design of a retractable wheel mechanism using optimal control theory. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

KOLOMATSKY, M. 2017, July 28. Energy Costs Compared. New York Times:RE2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lawler 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Lawler 2000, Silljé & Nigg 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Silljé & Nigg 2003)
Three or more authors: (Lau et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Tropical Ecology
Abbreviation	J. Trop. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0266-4674
ISSN (online)	1469-7831
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics