How to format your references using the Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pratt D. W. 2002 Molecular dynamics. Biomolecules see the light. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5577), 2347–2348.

A journal article with 2 authors

Xu X., Norell M. A. 2004 A new troodontid dinosaur from China with avian-like sleeping posture. Nature, 431(7010), 838–841.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu B., Ooi T. L., He Z. J. 2004 Perceiving distance accurately by a directional process of integrating ground information. Nature, 428(6978), 73–77.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dulieu F., Congiu E., Noble J., Baouche S., Chaabouni H., Moudens A., Minissale M., Cazaux S. 2013 How micron-sized dust particles determine the chemistry of our Universe. Scientific Reports, 3, 1338.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pavlović T., Alvarez I., Blanco-Cano R., Grisales A., Osorio A., Sánchez A. 2008 100 Years of Spanish Cinema. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, p.

An edited book

Hunt J. L. (Ed.) 2010 Molecular Pathology of Endocrine Diseases (Vol. 3). Springer US, Boston, MA, p.

A chapter in an edited book

Buragga K., Dhir A., Boreqqah A. A. 2013 Facebook an Open Education Platform: Exploring Its Educational Uses. In: HCI International 2013 - Posters’ Extended Abstracts: International Conference, HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part II, C. Stephanidis (ed.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 18–22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development.

Blog post

Carpineti A. 2017, March 8 Tiny Satellites Discover Biggest Stellar Heartbeat. https://www.iflscience.com/space/tiny-satellites-discover-biggest-stellar-heartbeat/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1991 Computer Security: Hackers Penetrate DOD Computer Systems (No. T-IMTEC-92-5). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mavromati A. 2012 One Foot In (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. 2017, September 25 Cardi B Knocks Swift Out of the No. 1 Spot. New York Times, p. C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pratt 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Pratt 2002; Xu & Norell 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Xu & Norell 2004)
Three authors: (Wu, Ooi, & He 2004)
6 or more authors: (Dulieu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
Abbreviation	J. Water Sanit. Hyg. Dev.
ISSN (print)	2043-9083
ISSN (online)	2408-9362
Scope	Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Development