How to format your references using the Journal of World Systems Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of World Systems Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sincell, M. 2000. “INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE: Scientific Ballooning’s Buoyant Mood.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 289(5479):534–36.

A journal article with 2 authors

Herzog, Michael H., and Manfred Fahle. 2002. “Effects of Grouping in Contextual Modulation.” Nature 415(6870):433–36.

A journal article with 3 authors

Millonig, J. H., K. J. Millen, and M. E. Hatten. 2000. “The Mouse Dreher Gene Lmx1a Controls Formation of the Roof Plate in the Vertebrate CNS.” Nature 403(6771):764–69.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Saveliev, Alexander, Christopher Everett, Tammy Sharpe, Zoë Webster, and Richard Festenstein. 2003. “DNA Triplet Repeats Mediate Heterochromatin-Protein-1-Sensitive Variegated Gene Silencing.” Nature 422(6934):909–13.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vegh, Aaron. 2010. Web Development with the Mac®. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Pott, Andreas, and Tobias Bruckmann, eds. 2015. Cable-Driven Parallel Robots: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Cable-Driven Parallel Robots. Vol. 32. Mechanisms and Machine Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Sun, C. T., and Jialin Tsai. 2010. “Dynamic Compressive Strengths of Polymeric Composites: Testing and Modeling.” Pp. 107–29 in Dynamic Failure of Materials and Structures, edited by A. Shukla, G. Ravichandran, and Y. D. S. Rajapakse. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of World Systems Research.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “‘Bonding Hormone’ Oxytocin Makes Dogs More Social.” IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bonding-hormone-oxytocin-makes-dogs-more-social/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Air Traffic Control: Timely Completion of FAA’s Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System Software Is at Risk. AIMD-98-41R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

O’Leary, Julie Jones. 2012. “Telling the Story: Teaching Leaders the Art of Storytelling and Its Impact on Individuals and the Organization.” Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, James. 2017. “New Stat for a Slugger: Back Page Appearances.” New York Times, January 5, B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sincell 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Herzog and Fahle 2002; Sincell 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Herzog and Fahle 2002)
Three authors: (Millonig, Millen, and Hatten 2000)
4 or more authors: (Saveliev et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of World Systems Research
ISSN (print)	1076-156X
Scope