How to format your references using the Kidney International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Kidney International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yang S. Self-assembled materials. Supramolecular lattices from tetrahedral nanobuilding blocks. Science. 2015;348(6233):396-397.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gardner BM, Walter P. Unfolded proteins are Ire1-activating ligands that directly induce the unfolded protein response. Science. 2011;333(6051):1891-1894.

A journal article with 3 authors

Manoharan HC, Lutz CP, Eigler DM. Quantum mirages formed by coherent projection of electronic structure. Nature. 2000;403(6769):512-515.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liu Y, Yu H, Quan X, Chen S, Zhao H, Zhang Y. Efficient and durable hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst based on nonmetallic nitrogen doped hexagonal carbon. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6843.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chan NH, Wong HY. Simulation Techniques in Financial Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

Dolez B, Grofman B, Laurent A, eds. In Situ and Laboratory Experiments on Electoral Law Reform: French Presidential Elections. Vol 25. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Gärtner C, Ortmann G. Recursiveness: Relations between Bodies, Metaphors, Organizations and Institutions. In: Weik E, Walgenbach P, eds. Institutions Inc. Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016:94-123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Kidney International.

Blog post

Andrew E. Two New Dwarf Planets Discovered in Outer Solar System. IFLScience. April 4, 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Vulnerabilities Still Exist in the Aviation Security System. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McAlpine TE. College Students and Career: An Exploration of Vocational Anticipatory Socialization. Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwirtz M, McKINLEY JC Jr. Ex-Prisoner Found Stability Before His Deadly Outburst. New York Times. July 6, 2017:A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Kidney International
Abbreviation	Kidney Int.
ISSN (print)	0085-2538
ISSN (online)	1523-1755
Scope	Nephrology