How to format your references using the Langmuir citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Langmuir. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

(1)

Chalmers, M. Medical Research Masterclass. Nature 2014, 514 (7522), S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

(1)

Nuttall, I.; Dye, C. Epidemiology. The SARS Wake-up Call. Science 2013, 339 (6125), 1287–1288.

A journal article with 3 authors

(1)

Spurný, P.; Oberst, J.; Heinlein, D. Photographic Observations of Neuschwanstein, a Second Meteorite from the Orbit of the Príbram Chondrite. Nature 2003, 423 (6936), 151–153.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

(1)

Yu, H.; Kelly, O. D.; Cros, V.; Bernard, R.; Bortolotti, P.; Anane, A.; Brandl, F.; Huber, R.; Stasinopoulos, I.; Grundler, D. Magnetic Thin-Film Insulator with Ultra-Low Spin Wave Damping for Coherent Nanomagnonics. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6848.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

(1)

Simon, L. Control of Biological and Drug-Delivery Systems for Chemical, Biomedical, and Pharmaceutical Engineering; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

(1)

Sencha, A. N. Breast Ultrasound; Evseeva, E. V., Mogutov, M. S., Patrunov, Y. N., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

(1)

Benedettini, S.; Roli, A.; Serra, R.; Villani, M. Automatic Design of Boolean Networks for Modelling Cell Differentiation. In Evolution, Complexity and Artificial Life; Cagnoni, S., Mirolli, M., Villani, M., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; pp 77–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Langmuir.

Blog post

(1)

Andrew, E. Solar Fuels: How Planes And Cars Could Be Powered By The Sun. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

(1)

Government Accountability Office. Technology Innovation: Improving the Climate for Government-Industry Cooperation; 094659; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

(1)

Chung, Y.-K. A Comparison of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms in Data Clustering. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(1)

Brantley, B. Who’s That Knocking on the Door? New York Times. April 28, 2017, p C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Langmuir
Abbreviation	Langmuir
ISSN (print)	0743-7463
ISSN (online)	1520-5827
Scope	Electrochemistry Spectroscopy General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics Surfaces and Interfaces