How to format your references using the Language in Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language in Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zrenner, Eberhart (2002). Will retinal implants restore vision? Science (New York, N.Y.) 295(5557):1022–25.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ginther, Donna K. & Kahn, Shulamit (2015). WOMEN IN SCIENCE. Comment on ‘Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines’. Science (New York, N.Y.) 349(6246):391.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zavatta, Alessandro; Viciani, Silvia; & Bellini, Marco (2004). Quantum-to-classical transition with single-photon-added coherent states of light. Science (New York, N.Y.) 306(5696):660–62.

A journal article with 10 or more authors

Tang, Qunshu; Wang, Caixia; Wang, Dongxiao; & Pawlowicz, Rich (2014). Seismic, satellite, and site observations of internal solitary waves in the NE South China Sea. Scientific reports 4:5374.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abutarbush, Sameeh M. (2015). Illustrated Guide to Equine Diseases. Ames, Iowa, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sillitti, Alberto; Hazzan, Orit; Bache, Emily; & Albaladejo, Xavier (eds.) (2011). Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming: 12th International Conference, XP 2011, Madrid, Spain, May 10-13, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Lilenfeld, Lisa Rachelle Riso (2016). Suicidal Behavior in Eating Disorders. In Yael Latzer & Daniel Stein (eds.), Bio-Psycho-Social Contributions to Understanding Eating Disorders, 65–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language in Society.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin (2015). Researchers Can Now 3D Print Stem Cell ‘Building Blocks’. IFLScience. Online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-can-now-3d-print-stem-cell-building-blocks/; accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996). Central Artery/Tunnel Project: Cost and Financing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beck, Jessica (2010). Community based human trafficking awareness program: A grant proposal project. Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lesch, David W. & Gelvin, James (2017). What has Assad won? New York Times A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zrenner 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Zrenner 2002; Ginther & Kahn 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ginther & Kahn 2015)
Three authors: (Zavatta, Viciani, & Bellini 2004)
5 or more authors: (Tang, Wang, Wang, & Pawlowicz 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language in Society
Abbreviation	Lang. Soc.
ISSN (print)	0047-4045
ISSN (online)	1469-8013
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language Sociology and Political Science