How to format your references using the Laser Physics Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Laser Physics Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Haidt J 2007 The new synthesis in moral psychology Science 316 998–1002

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bradford L and O’Tierney P 2001 Three-person rule was not set by Nobel himself Nature 411 413

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lee Y K, Lee H and Park J Y 2014 Tandem-structured, hot electron based photovoltaic cell with double Schottky barriers Sci. Rep. 4 4580

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Hosseini M, Sparkes B M, Hétet G, Longdell J J, Lam P K and Buchler B C 2009 Coherent optical pulse sequencer for quantum applications Nature 461 241–5

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Gardner S and Birley S 2010 Blogging for Dummies® (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Bernsen N O 2010 Multimodal Usability ed L Dybkjær (London: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lau C 2016 Cytogenetics: Applications Molecular Pathology in Cancer Research ed S R Lakhani and S B Fox (New York, NY: Springer) pp 67–82

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Laser Physics Letters.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E 2015 Every Hour You Spend In Front Of A Screen Is Linked To Poorer Exam Results IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1982 The Impact of Budget Cuts on Three Directorates of the National Science Foundation (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Fuller J B 2015 The Woodsman’s Son Doctoral dissertation ( Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by 2005 Arts, Briefly; Russian Film Studio Sale Is Delayed Yet Again New York Times E4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Laser Physics Letters
Abbreviation	Laser Phys. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1612-2011
ISSN (online)	1612-202X
Scope	Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) Instrumentation