How to format your references using the Lifetime Data Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lifetime Data Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DiVincenzo DP (2011) Physics. Toward control of large-scale quantum computing. Science 334:50–51

A journal article with 2 authors

Lin MT, Beal MF (2006) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 443:787–795

A journal article with 3 authors

Ackman JB, Burbridge TJ, Crair MC (2012) Retinal waves coordinate patterned activity throughout the developing visual system. Nature 490:219–225

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lunkenheimer P, Krohns S, Gemander F, et al (2014) Dielectric characterization of a nonlinear optical material. Sci Rep 4:6020

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Antonucci D (2017) The Cyber Risk Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gendler R (ed) (2013) Lessons from the Masters: Current Concepts in Astronomical Image Processing. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Julian SR (2015) Quantum Oscillation Measurements Applied to Strongly Correlated Electron Systems. In: Avella A, Mancini F (eds) Strongly Correlated Systems: Experimental Techniques. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 137–172

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lifetime Data Analysis.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Incredible New Photographs Show Uncontacted Amazonian Tribe In All Their Glory. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Federal Trade Commission: Information on Proposed Regional Restructuring Effort. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Munz JA (2017) Assessing the Value of Educational Competencies of Healthcare Leaders and Organizational Factors: A Case Study Analysis. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B (2016) Review: ‘Hogtown’ Tells a Poetic Detective Story in Chicago. New York Times C11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (DiVincenzo 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Lin and Beal 2006; DiVincenzo 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lin and Beal 2006)
Three or more authors: (Lunkenheimer et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Lifetime Data Analysis
Abbreviation	Lifetime Data Anal.
ISSN (print)	1380-7870
ISSN (online)	1572-9249
Scope	Applied Mathematics General Medicine