How to format your references using the Limnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Limnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2004) An equal chance. Nature 432:931

A journal article with 2 authors

Mackenzie AP, Grigera SA (2005) Physics. A quantum critical route to field-induced superconductivity. Science 309:1330–1331

A journal article with 3 authors

Bibring J-P, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE (2006) Planetary science. Merging views on Mars. Science 313:1899–1901

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Stark DP, Swinbank AM, Ellis RS, et al (2008) The formation and assembly of a typical star-forming galaxy at redshift z approximately 3. Nature 455:775–777

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bisswanger H (2017) Enzyme Kinetics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

McCandless DW (ed) (2009) Metabolic Encephalopathy. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Yang J, Dolinger M, Ritaccio G, et al (2015) Leucine as a Stimulant of Insulin. In: Rajendram R, Preedy VR, Patel VB (eds) Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition: Volume 1. Springer, New York, NY, pp 49–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Limnology.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Was Neil Armstrong Misquoted? Study Suggests His Accent Could’ve Been To Blame. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/was-neil-armstrong-misquoted-study-suggests-his-accent-couldve-been-to-blame/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Transit Rail: Potential Rail Car Cost-Saving Strategies Exist. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liburd-Shaddai JL (2012) The experiences of remedial instructors at one urban community college: A case study. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2017) Puerto Rico’s Power Agency Defaults Over Debt. New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2004; Mackenzie and Grigera 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mackenzie and Grigera 2005)
Three or more authors: (Stark et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Limnology
Abbreviation	Limnology (Tokyo)
ISSN (print)	1439-8621
ISSN (online)	1439-863X
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology Water Science and Technology