How to format your references using the Lingua Sinica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lingua Sinica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ginsparg, Paul. 2011. ArXiv at 20. Nature 476: 145–147.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fenistein, Denis, and Martin Van Hecke. 2003. Kinematics: wide shear zones in granular bulk flow. Nature 425: 256.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lind, Gustav, Cecilia Eriksson Linsmeier, and Jens Schouenborg. 2013. The density difference between tissue and neural probes is a key factor for glial scarring. Scientific reports 3: 2942.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Chen, Yu-Ying, Cheng-Ying Hsieh, Thanasekaran Jayakumar, Kuan-Hung Lin, Duen-Suey Chou, Wan-Jung Lu, Ming-Jen Hsu, and Joen-Rong Sheu. 2014. Andrographolide induces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis through a SHP-1-PP2A-p38MAPK-p53 cascade. Scientific reports 4: 5651.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hull, Bobby. 2010. Manufacturing Best Practices. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Roberts, Gordon C. K., ed. 2013. Encyclopedia of Biophysics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Meena, A., and M. El Mansori. 2016. Integrated Casting-Heat Treatment Process Route for Near Net Shape ADI Casting Production. In Shape Casting: 5th International Symposium 2014, ed. Murat Tiryakioğlu, John Campbell, and Glenn Byczynski, 35–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lingua Sinica.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2016. Uranus May Have Two More Undiscovered Moons. IFLScience. IFLScience. October 17.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. Federal Research: Assessment of the Financial Audit for SEMATECH’s Activities in 1990. RCED-92-97. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Farrugia, Thomas J. 2010. Abundance, habitat use and movement patterns of the shovelnose guitarfish (Rhinobatus productus) in a restored Southern California estuary. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, Mary. 2014. Judging Draws Renewed Scrutiny. New York Times, February 21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ginsparg 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Fenistein and Van Hecke 2003; Ginsparg 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fenistein and Van Hecke 2003)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Lingua Sinica
Abbreviation	Lingua Sin.
ISSN (online)	2197-6678
Scope