How to format your references using the Liver Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Liver Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rapley C. Climate science: Time to raft up. Nature. 2012 Aug;488(7413):583–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roderick ML, Farquhar GD. The cause of decreased pan evaporation over the past 50 years. Science. 2002 Nov;298(5597):1410–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gong S-S, Zhu W, Sheng DN. Emergent chiral spin liquid: fractional quantum Hall effect in a kagome Heisenberg model. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep;4:6317.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Buzio R, Repetto L, Giacopelli F, Ravazzolo R, Valbusa U. Symmetric curvature descriptors for label-free analysis of DNA. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep;4:6459.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Groves E. The Constant Contact Guide to Email Marketing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Borchardt D, Bogardi JJ, Ibisch RB, editors. Integrated Water Resources Management: Concept, Research and Implementation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Chikrii AA. Game Problems for Systems with Fractional Derivatives of Arbitrary Order. In: Haurie A, Muto S, Petrosjan LA, Raghavan TES, editors. Advances in Dynamic Games: Applications to Economics, Management Science, Engineering, and Environmental Management. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2006; pp 105–13.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Liver Cancer.

Blog post

Evans K. 8 Science-Backed Ways To Appear More Attractive [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Jul

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Health and Safety: Environmental Oversight of Classified Federal Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhong A. Product Development Considerations for a Nutrient Rich Bar Using Cricket (Acheta domesticus) Protein. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Babcock L. Women, Repeat This: Don’t Ask, Don’t Get. New York Times. 2008 Apr;BU19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Liver Cancer
Abbreviation	Liver Cancer
ISSN (print)	2235-1795
ISSN (online)	1664-5553
Scope	Hepatology Oncology