How to format your references using the Livestock Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Livestock Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalton, R., 2000. US court slashes damages in polymerase-beta theft case. Nature 407, 824.

A journal article with 2 authors

Theise, N.D., Wilmut, I., 2003. Cell plasticity: flexible arrangement. Nature 425, 21.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grevemeyer, I., Herber, R., Essen, H.H., 2000. Microseismological evidence for a changing wave climate in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Nature 408, 349–352.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hakimi, M.-A., Bochar, D.A., Schmiesing, J.A., Dong, Y., Barak, O.G., Speicher, D.W., Yokomori, K., Shiekhattar, R., 2002. A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes. Nature 418, 994–998.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith, J., Roberts, R., 2015. Vital Signs for Nurses. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Bornstein, B.H., Tomkins, A.J. (Eds.), 2015. Motivating Cooperation and Compliance with Authority: The Role of Institutional Trust, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Ahlert, D., Schefer, B., 2013. The Risks of Admissible Price-Maintenance Systems for the Effectiveness of Inter-Brand Competition, in: Schefer, B. (Ed.), Vertical Price Coordination and Brand Care: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Prohibition of Resale Price Maintenance, SpringerBriefs in Business. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 33–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Livestock Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Awesome Timelapse Of A Resurrection Plant [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005. No Child Left Behind Act: Education Could Do More to Help States Better Define Graduation Rates and Improve Knowledge about Intervention Strategies (No. GAO-05-879). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Peto, J., 2009. A defense of Donald Davidson’s dissolution to the problem of global skepticism (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K., 2002. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Saving Sturgeon, And Caviar. New York Times A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dalton, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Dalton, 2000; Theise and Wilmut, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Theise and Wilmut, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Hakimi et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Livestock Science
Abbreviation	Livest. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1871-1413
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Veterinary