How to format your references using the Long Range Planning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Long Range Planning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schröder, R., 2003. The genes orthodenticle and hunchback substitute for bicoid in the beetle Tribolium. Nature 422, 621–625.

A journal article with 2 authors

Potter, N.E., Greaves, M., 2014. Cancer: Persistence of leukaemic ancestors. Nature 506, 300–301.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ghaffari, H.O., Nasseri, M.H.B., Young, R.P., 2014. Faulting of rocks in a three-dimensional stress field by micro-anticracks. Scientific Reports 4, 5011.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Morioka, S., Perry, J.S.A., Raymond, M.H., Medina, C.B., Zhu, Y., Zhao, L., Serbulea, V., Onengut-Gumuscu, S., Leitinger, N., Kucenas, S., Rathmell, J.C., Makowski, L., Ravichandran, K.S., 2018. Efferocytosis induces a novel SLC program to promote glucose uptake and lactate release. Nature.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson, D., 2007. TKO Sales! John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Kolobov, A.V., 2012. Chalcogenides: Metastability and Phase Change Phenomena, Springer Series in Materials Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Müller-Ibold, T., 2010. Foreign Investment in Germany: Restrictions Based on Public Security Concerns and Their Compatibility with EU Law, in: Herrmann, C., Terhechte, J.P. (Eds.), European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2010. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 103–122.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Long Range Planning.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2016. Tracking American Eels On The Open Sea To Crack The Mystery Of Their Migration [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tracking-american-eels-on-the-open-sea-to-crack-the-mystery-of-their-migration/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2009. Higher Education and Disability: Education Needs a Coordinated Approach to Improve Its Assistance to Schools in Supporting Students (No. GAO-10-33). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Talice, K.W., 2017. An Assessment of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Leadership Competencies (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stone, R.S.R., a partner in the public affairs company of Black, Manafort, Stone, Kelly, Has Worked For, Reagan, Nixon, 1989. How the G.O.P. Can Nail Down the Black Vote. New York Times 123.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schröder, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Schröder, 2003; Potter and Greaves, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Potter and Greaves, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Morioka et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Long Range Planning
Abbreviation	Long Range Plann.
ISSN (print)	0024-6301
Scope	Strategy and Management Finance Geography, Planning and Development