How to format your references using the Longitudinal and Life Course Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tyndall, G. (2012) Chemistry. Vibrational excitation can control tropospheric chemistry, Science (New York, N.Y.), 337(6098): 1046–1047.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schrag, D.P. and Linsley, B.K. (2002) Paleoclimate. Corals, chemistry, and climate, Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5566): 277–278.

A journal article with 3 authors

Eerenstein, W., Mathur, N.D. and Scott, J.F. (2006) Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials, Nature, 442(7104): 759–765.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Weldeab, S., Lea, D.W., Schneider, R.R. and Andersen, N. (2007) 155,000 years of West African monsoon and ocean thermal evolution, Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5829): 1303–1307.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nagashima, Y. (2013) Elementary Particle Physics, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Bolc, L., Tadeusiewicz, R., Chmielewski, L.J. and Wojciechowski, K. (eds) (2010) Computer Vision and Graphics: International Conference, ICCVG 2010, Warsaw, Poland, September 20-22, 2010, Proceedings, Part II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gill, S.S., Anjum, N.A., Ahmad, I., Thangavel, P., Sridevi, G., Pacheco, M., et al (2012) Metal Hyperaccumulation and Tolerance in Alyssum, Arabidopsis and Thlaspi: An Overview., in N.A. Anjum, I. Ahmad, M.E. Pereira, A.C. Duarte, S. Umar and N.A. Khan (eds) The Plant Family Brassicaceae: Contribution Towards Phytoremediation, . Environmental Pollution, Springer Netherlands, pp 99–137.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016) Top Military Generals Warn That Climate Change Will Create A Major Refugee Crisis, IFLScience, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/top-military-generals-warn-that-climate-change-will-create-a-major-refugee-crisis/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Civil Agency Aircraft: Agencies’ Use of Certain Aircraft to Transport Passengers. GGD-88-92BR, U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dulick, K.C. (2010) Self-neglect among the elderly: Knowledge and perceptions of MSW students, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

O’connell, M.E. (2013) The Questions Brennan Can’t Dodge, New York Times, 7 February, p A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tyndall, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Schrag and Linsley, 2002; Tyndall, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schrag and Linsley, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Weldeab et al, 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Longitudinal and Life Course Studies
ISSN (online)	1757-9597
Scope