How to format your references using the Lung citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lung. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Palmer T (2014) Climate forecasting: build high-resolution global climate models. Nature 515:338–339

A journal article with 2 authors

Sutton PJ, Kusmartsev FV (2013) Gravitational vortices and clump formation in Saturn’s F ring during an encounter with Prometheus. Sci Rep 3:1276

A journal article with 3 authors

Schibler U, Ripperger JA, Brown SA (2001) Circadian rhythms. Chronobiology--reducing time. Science 293:437–438

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Shimobaba T, Yamanashi H, Kakue T, et al (2013) In-line digital holographic microscopy using a consumer scanner. Sci Rep 3:2664

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boberski V (2010) Community Banking Strategies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Trebše R (2012) Infected Total Joint Arthroplasty: The Algorithmic Approach. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Muraoka T, Watanabe Y, Kanosue K (2015) Intra- and Inter-person Coordinated Movements of Fingers and Toes. In: Kanosue K, Nagami T, Tsuchiya J (eds) Sports Performance. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 37–48

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lung.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) Amazing Photograph Shows Birth and Death of Star. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/amazing-photograph-shows-birth-and-death-star/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014) Export Controls: NASA Management Action and Improved Oversight Needed to Reduce the Risk of Unauthorized Access to Its Technologies. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mosher L (2008) The relationship between Christian literature and executive leader performance. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick SM (2013) As Cheese or Chocolate, Comfort Comes Melted. New York Times LI8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Lung
Abbreviation	Lung
ISSN (print)	0341-2040
ISSN (online)	1432-1750
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine