How to format your references using the LWT citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for LWT. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kerr, R. A. (2000). SAVING KYOTO: Can the Kyoto Climate Treaty Be Saved From Itself? Science (New York, N.Y.), 290(5493), 920–921.

A journal article with 2 authors

Krishnan, V., & Nestler, E. J. (2008). The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature, 455(7215), 894–902.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alexander, D. T. L., Crozier, P. A., & Anderson, J. R. (2008). Brown carbon spheres in East Asian outflow and their optical properties. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5890), 833–836.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Stanley, S., Elkins-Tanton, L., Zuber, M. T., & Parmentier, E. M. (2008). Mars’ paleomagnetic field as the result of a single-hemisphere dynamo. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5897), 1822–1825.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cox, D. A. (2004). Galois Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Finn, A. (2010). Developments and Challenges for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles: A Compendium (S. Scheding, Ed.; Vol. 3). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bez, H. E. (2007). Rational Maximal Parametrisations of Dupin Cyclides. In R. Martin, M. Sabin, & J. Winkler (Eds.), Mathematics of Surfaces XII: 12th IMA International Conference, Sheffield, UK, September 4-6, 2007. Proceedings (pp. 78–92). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for LWT.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, January 30). Why Violent Psychopaths Don’t ‘Get’ Punishment. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Aviation Security: Vulnerabilities Still Exist in the Aviation Security System (T-RCED/AIMD-00-142). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Saifman, H. P. (2017). Millennial Nurse Manager Perspectives on Their Leadership Roles in the Hospital Setting: A Phenomenological Inquiry [Doctoral dissertation]. Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker, A. L., & McKINLEY, J. C., Jr. (2017, August 16). F.B.I. Agent Checking On Grenade Hurt in Blast. New York Times, A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kerr, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Kerr, 2000; Krishnan & Nestler, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Krishnan & Nestler, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Stanley et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	LWT
Abbreviation	Lebenson. Wiss. Technol.
ISSN (print)	0023-6438
Scope	Food Science