How to format your references using the Mammalian Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mammalian Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clauset, A., 2010. Journal club. A theoretician ponders what physics has to offer ecology. Nature 465, 139.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang, K., Stiefel, E.I., 2001. Toward separation and purification of olefins using dithiolene complexes: an electrochemical approach. Science 291, 106–109.

A journal article with 3 authors

Swain, M.R., Vasisht, G., Tinetti, G., 2008. The presence of methane in the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet. Nature 452, 329–331.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lee, D.S., Lee, J.S., Oh, S.H., Kim, S.K., Kim, J.W., Chung, J.K., Lee, M.C., Kim, C.S., 2001. Cross-modal plasticity and cochlear implants. Nature 409, 149–150.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bajpai, P., 2010. Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Koch, R., Huang, F. (Eds.), 2011. Computer Vision – ACCV 2010 Workshops: ACCV 2010 International Workshops, Queenstown, New Zealand, November 8-9, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part I, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Carberry, S., Elzer, S., 2007. Exploiting Evidence Analysis in Plan Recognition, in: Conati, C., McCoy, K., Paliouras, G. (Eds.), User Modeling 2007: 11th International Conference, UM 2007, Corfu, Greece, July 25-29, 2007. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 7–16.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mammalian Biology.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2014. Octomom Brooded Her Eggs for Record-Breaking Four-and-a-Half Years [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/octomom-brooded-her-eggs-record-breaking-four-and-half-years/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2012. Public Transit: Funding for New Starts and Small Starts Projects, October 2004 through June 2012 (No. GAO-13-40). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crosby, A.E., 2012. A phenomenological heuristic study of psychosocial factors that contribute to African American females’ HIV seroconversion (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Atlas, J., 2017. Headed for the Graveyard of Books. New York Times BR21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clauset, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Clauset, 2010; Wang and Stiefel, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wang and Stiefel, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Lee et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Mammalian Biology
Abbreviation	Mamm. Biol.
ISSN (print)	1616-5047
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics