How to format your references using the Manual Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Manual Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fabian AC. Astronomy. A blast from the past. Science 2008;320:1167–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gros J, Tabin CJ. Vertebrate limb bud formation is initiated by localized epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Science 2014;343:1253–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nozaki T, Kato Y, Suzuki K. Late Jurassic ocean anoxic event: evidence from voluminous sulphide deposition and preservation in the Panthalassa. Sci Rep 2013;3:1889.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Takaba H, Imai T, Miki S, Morishita Y, Miyashita A, Ishikawa N, et al. A major allogenic leukocyte antigen in the agnathan hagfish. Sci Rep 2013;3:1716.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Laheurte J-M, Ripoll C, Paret D, Loussert C. UHF RFID Technologies for Identification and Traceability. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Lin B, editor. Microfluidics: Technologies and Applications. vol. 304. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Roze E, Bonnet C, Betuing S, Caboche J. Huntington’s Disease. In: Ahmad SI, editor. Diseases of DNA Repair, New York, NY: Springer; 2010, p. 45–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Manual Therapy.

Blog post

Luntz S. Climate Change Shortening Bees’ Tongues. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Loan Repayment Program: OPM Could Build on Its Efforts to Help Agencies Administer the Program and Measure Results. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mardakhanian A. Blended CME, Inc. A business plan. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara S. Creatures Great, Small and Imagined. New York Times 2014:CT9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fabian, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Fabian, 2008; Gros and Tabin, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gros and Tabin, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Takaba et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Manual Therapy
Abbreviation	Man. Ther.
ISSN (print)	1356-689X
Scope	General Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation