How to format your references using the Manufacturing Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Manufacturing Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Crim FF. Chemistry. Close encounters. Science 2001;293:2014–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Marraffini LA, Sontheimer EJ. Self versus non-self discrimination during CRISPR RNA-directed immunity. Nature 2010;463:568–71.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Jacque J-M, Triques K, Stevenson M. Modulation of HIV-1 replication by RNA interference. Nature 2002;418:435–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Mueller CA, Broz P, Müller SA, Ringler P, Erne-Brand F, Sorg I, et al. The V-antigen of Yersinia forms a distinct structure at the tip of injectisome needles. Science 2005;310:674–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Kracke E-A, Lodde K. Leitfaden Straßenbrücken. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Gao Z-K. Nonlinear Analysis of Gas-Water/Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow in Complex Networks. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Datta I, Majumdar D, Ganapathy K, Bhonde RR. Stem Cells and Neuronal Differentiation. In: Somasundaram I, editor. Stem Cell Therapy for Organ Failure, New Delhi: Springer India; 2014, p. 71–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Manufacturing Letters.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Enjoy Nature At Its Finest With These Slow-Motion Animal Attacks. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/enjoy-nature-its-finest-these-slow-motion-animal-attacks/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Electronic Government: Initiatives Sponsored by the Office of Management and Budget Have Made Mixed Progress. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Flamenco E. A financial abuse prevention program for older adults: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. A Personal Loss for a Hofstra Alumnus. New York Times 2009:B19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Manufacturing Letters
Abbreviation	Manuf. Lett.
ISSN (print)	2213-8463
Scope	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanics of Materials