How to format your references using the Marine Biodiversity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Marine Biodiversity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wark D (2014) Particle physics: The hunt for Majorana neutrinos hots up. Nature 510:224–225

A journal article with 2 authors

Markus MB, Fincham JE (2000) Mbeki and AIDS in Africa. Science 288:2131d

A journal article with 3 authors

Son MY, Lee J-K, Kang YC (2014) Fabrication and electrochemical performance of 0.6Li2MnO3-0.4Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 microspheres by two-step spray-drying process. Sci Rep 4:5752

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kamat S, Su X, Ballarini R, Heuer AH (2000) Structural basis for the fracture toughness of the shell of the conch Strombus gigas. Nature 405:1036–1040

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alacoque JC (2012) Direct Eigen Control for Induction Machines and Synchronous Motors. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Skerrett K, Fergus K (eds) (2015) Couple Resilience: Emerging Perspectives. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Schrogl K-U, Pagkratis S, Baranes B (2011) Institutional development of satellite navigation in Europe. In: Schrogl K-U, Pagkratis S, Baranes B (eds) Yearbook on Space Policy 2009/2010: Space for Society. Springer, Vienna, pp 217–229

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Marine Biodiversity.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) Catching A Real Ball In Virtual Reality Is Surprisingly Cool. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/catching-a-real-ball-in-virtual-reality-is-suprisingly-cool/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) James Webb Space Telescope: Project on Track but May Benefit from Improved Contractor Data to Better Understand Costs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Theodore JA (2014) A Framework for Comparative Analysis of Gene Expressions and Mutations Linked to Cancer. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barker K, Shah PZ, Goldstein J, Silver-Greenberg J (2016) From Class Clown to Manhattan Bomb Suspect. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wark 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Markus and Fincham 2000; Wark 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Markus and Fincham 2000)
Three or more authors: (Kamat et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Marine Biodiversity
Abbreviation	Mar. Biodivers.
ISSN (print)	1867-1616
ISSN (online)	1867-1624
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Oceanography