How to format your references using the Medical Humanities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Humanities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Edwards PP. Chemistry. Electrons in cement. Science. 2011;333:49–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jia T, Barabási A-L. Control capacity and a random sampling method in exploring controllability of complex networks. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2354.

A journal article with 3 authors

Esposito MS, Capelli P, Arber S. Brainstem nucleus MdV mediates skilled forelimb motor tasks. Nature. 2014;508:351–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hobson JP, Rosenfeldt HM, Barak LS, et al. Role of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor EDG-1 in PDGF-induced cell motility. Science. 2001;291:1800–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

MacRoberts. MacRoberts on Scottish Construction Contracts. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2014.

An edited book

Sandrucci S, Mussa B, editors. Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters. Milano: Springer 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Basso P. Mendelssohn on Lambert’s Neues Organon. In: Munk R, ed. Moses Mendelssohn’s Metaphysics and Aesthetics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2011:65–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Humanities.

Blog post

Taub B. New Nazca Geoglyph Of Strange, Tongue-Poking Creature Discovered. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/new-geoglyph-strange-tongue-poking-creature-discovered-among-peru-s-nazca-lines/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Alternative to Project Seafarer. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cruz S. Keeping families together: A grant proposal. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. An American Teenager Who Lives for Big Moments Produces One. New York Times. 2017;B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Humanities
Abbreviation	Med. Humanit.
ISSN (print)	1468-215X
ISSN (online)	1473-4265
Scope	Philosophy Pathology and Forensic Medicine