How to format your references using the Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bloodworth, Andrew. 2014. Resources: Track flows to manage technology-metal supply. Nature 505: 19–20.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ratajczak, Zak, and Jesse B. Nippert. 2012. Comment on “Global resilience of tropical forest and savanna to critical transitions.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 336: 541; author reply 541.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pascalis, Olivier, Michelle de Haan, and Charles A. Nelson. 2002. Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life? Science (New York, N.Y.) 296: 1321–1323.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Freeman, C., N. Fenner, N. J. Ostle, H. Kang, D. J. Dowrick, B. Reynolds, M. A. Lock, D. Sleep, S. Hughes, and J. Hudson. 2004. Export of dissolved organic carbon from peatlands under elevated carbon dioxide levels. Nature 430: 195–198.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dunnivant, Frank M. 2004. Environmental Laboratory Exercises for Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Clerici, Fausta. 2010. Il corpo in vetrina: Cura, immagine, benessere, consumo tra scienza dell’alimentazione e filosofia. Edited by Alfredo Vanotti and Fabio Gabrielli. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Damasio, Antonio. 2005. The Neurobiological Grounding of Human Values. In Neurobiology of Human Values, ed. Jean-Pierre Changeux, Antonio R. Damasio, Wolf Singer, and Yves Christen, 47–56. Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy.

Blog post

Taub, Ben. 2016. Human Brains Are Structurally The Same As Non-Human Primate Brains. IFLScience. IFLScience. August 8.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2005. Federal Aviation Administration: Stronger Architecture Program Needed to Guide Systems Modernization Efforts. GAO-05-266. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hoefer, Peter D. 2010. A David against Goliath: The American veterans committee’s challenge to the American legion in the 1950s. Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, Ben. 2016. Williams Sisters Could Be in Step for a Semifinal Showdown. New York Times, August 26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bloodworth 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Ratajczak and Nippert 2012; Bloodworth 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ratajczak and Nippert 2012)
Three or more authors: (Freeman et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy
Abbreviation	Med. Health Care Philos.
ISSN (print)	1386-7423
ISSN (online)	1572-8633
Scope	Health Policy Education Health(social science)