How to format your references using the Memory citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Memory. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Petsko, G. (2010). Save university arts from the bean counters. Nature, 468(7327), 1003.

A journal article with 2 authors

Johnson, C. M., & Beard, B. L. (2005). Geochemistry. Biogeochemical cycling of iron isotopes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5737), 1025–1027.

A journal article with 3 authors

Burkle, L. A., Marlin, J. C., & Knight, T. M. (2013). Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: loss of species, co-occurrence, and function. Science (New York, N.Y.), 339(6127), 1611–1615.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Ciocchi, S., Herry, C., Grenier, F., Wolff, S. B. E., Letzkus, J. J., Vlachos, I., Ehrlich, I., Sprengel, R., Deisseroth, K., Stadler, M. B., Müller, C., & Lüthi, A. (2010). Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits. Nature, 468(7321), 277–282.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopkins, D. (2013). Reading Paradise Lost. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Chen, M. (2013). System-Level Validation: High-Level Modeling and Directed Test Generation Techniques (X. Qin, H.-M. Koo, & P. Mishra, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Jacobs, B., & Pieters, W. (2009). Electronic Voting in the Netherlands: From Early Adoption to Early Abolishment. In A. Aldini, G. Barthe, & R. Gorrieri (Eds.), Foundations of Security Analysis and Design V: FOSAD 2007/2008/2009 Tutorial Lectures (pp. 121–144). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Memory.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, July 29). Two Species Of North American Wolf Just Disappeared Overnight. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/two-species-north-american-wolf-disappeared-overnight/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Truck Safety: Need to Better Ensure Correction of Serious Inspection Violations (RCED-90-202). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Van Gilder, B. J. (2012). American students’ communication abroad: Factors promoting and inhibiting interactions with host nationals [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O. (2015, September 18). Opening Night for ‘Arsenic and Old Lace.’ New York Times, C28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Petsko, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Johnson & Beard, 2005; Petsko, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Johnson & Beard, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Ciocchi et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Memory
Abbreviation	Memory
ISSN (print)	0965-8211
ISSN (online)	1464-0686
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Psychology