How to format your references using the Microbial Risk Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microbial Risk Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cess, R.D., 2005. Atmospheric science. Water vapor feedback in climate models. Science 310, 795–796.

A journal article with 2 authors

Palmer, M.A., Febria, C.M., 2012. Ecology. The heartbeat of ecosystems. Science 336, 1393–1394.

A journal article with 3 authors

Klak, C., Reeves, G., Hedderson, T., 2004. Unmatched tempo of evolution in Southern African semi-desert ice plants. Nature 427, 63–65.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ravelo, A.C., Andreasen, D.H., Lyle, M., Olivarez Lyle, A., Wara, M.W., 2004. Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the Pliocene epoch. Nature 429, 263–267.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ergül, Ö., Gürel, L., 2014. The Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA) for Solving Large-Scale Computational Electromagnetics Problems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Gadow, K. von, Pukkala, T. (Eds.), 2008. Designing Green Landscapes, Managing Forest Ecosystems. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Xiao, G., Yan, L., 2016. Liver Fibrosis and Its Assessment, in: Yan, L. (Ed.), Operative Techniques in Liver Resection. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 43–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microbial Risk Analysis.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2015. Swedish Lizard Babies Survive Better With Warmer Temperatures [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/swedish-lizard-babies-survive-better-warmer-temperatures/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005. Transportation Security Administration: More Clarity on the Authority of Federal Security Directors Is Needed (No. GAO-05-935). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kehoe, M.I., 2008. Tobacco control: A qualitative assessment of the perceptions and practices of nurse practitioners (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dynarski, S., 2016. America Can Fix Its Student Loan Crisis. Ask Australia. New York Times BU6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cess, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Cess, 2005; Palmer and Febria, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Palmer and Febria, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Ravelo et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Microbial Risk Analysis
Abbreviation	Microb. Risk Anal.
ISSN (print)	2352-3522
Scope