How to format your references using the Micromachines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Micromachines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stewart, I. Schrodinger’s Mousetrap. Part 1. Nature 2005, 433, 200–201.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gao, G.F.; Feng, Y. On the Ground in Sierra Leone. Science 2014, 346, 666.

A journal article with 3 authors

Heil, M.; Rattke, J.; Boland, W. Postsecretory Hydrolysis of Nectar Sucrose and Specialization in Ant/Plant Mutualism. Science 2005, 308, 560–563.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chadee, D.D.; Kittayapong, P.; Morrison, A.C.; Tabachnick, W.J. Genetics. A Breakthrough for Global Public Health. Science 2007, 316, 1703–1704.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hinkelmann, K.; Kempthorne, O. Design and Analysis of Experiments: Advanced Experimental Design; Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2005; ISBN 9780471709947.

An edited book

New Directions for Catholic Social and Political Research: Humanity vs. Hyper-Modernity; Preparata, G.G., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; ISBN 9783319338729.

A chapter in an edited book

Michael, J.; Barth, A.; Kloft, C.; Derendorf, H. Pharmacodynamic In Vitro Models to Determine the Effect of Antibiotics. In Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics; Vinks, A.A., Derendorf, H., Mouton, J.W., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2014; pp. 81–112 ISBN 9780387756127.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Micromachines.

Blog post

Davis, J. New Robotic Exosuit Dramatically Cuts The Amount Of Energy Needed To Walk Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-robotic-exosuit-dramatically-cuts-the-amount-of-energy-needed-to-walk/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Intercity Passenger Rail: Amtrak’s Financial Viability Continues to Be Threatened; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1997;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bottorff, A.K. Evaluating Summer School Programs and the Effect on Student Achievement: The Correlation between Stanford-10 Standardized Test Scores and Two Different Summer Programs. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University: St. Charles, MO, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nagourney, A.; Berger, J. Horror at Desert Ritual as Racer Flips Into Crowd. New York Times 2010, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Micromachines
Abbreviation	Micromachines (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2072-666X
Scope	Control and Systems Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Mechanical Engineering