How to format your references using the Microscopy and Microanalysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Microscopy and Microanalysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Janvier, P. (2015). Facts and fancies about early fossil chordates and vertebrates. Nature 520, 483–489.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kuper, A. & Marks, J. (2011). Anthropologists unite! Nature 470, 166–168.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yang, R., Willett, S. D. & Goren, L. (2015). In situ low-relief landscape formation as a result of river network disruption. Nature 520, 526–529.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lawrence, T., Bebien, M., Liu, G. Y., Nizet, V. & Karin, M. (2005). IKKalpha limits macrophage NF-kappaB activation and contributes to the resolution of inflammation. Nature 434, 1138–1143.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fernandez-Maloigne, C., Robert-Inacio, F. & Macaire, L. (2012). Digital Color. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sulaiman, H. A., Othman, M. A., Othman, M. F. I., Rahim, Y. A. & Pee, N. C. (eds.) (2016). Advanced Computer and Communication Engineering Technology: Proceedings of ICOCOE 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhu, Y., Lan, H., Ness, D. A., Xing, K., Schneider, K., Lee, S.-H. & Ge, J. (2015). Carbon Trade, Forestry Land Rights, and Farmers’ Livelihood in Rural Communities in China. In Transforming Rural Communities in China and Beyond: Community Entrepreneurship and Enterprises, Infrastructure Development and Investment Modes, Lan, H., Ness, D. A., Xing, K., Schneider, K., Lee, S.-H. & Ge, J. (Eds.), pp. 61–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Microscopy and Microanalysis.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Greener But Not Cleaner? How Trees Can Worsen Urban Air Pollution. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/greener-not-cleaner-how-trees-can-worsen-urban-air-pollution/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989). Port Development: Sponsors Have Not Used User Fee Financing to Date. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sripinit, T. (2012). ‘How Much Do We Understand About Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy?’ Doctoral dissertation, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Benedict, I. (1899). WELL ENOUGH AS IT IS. New York Times, May 6, STURDAY NEW YORK OF BOOKS AND ARTBR299.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Janvier, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Janvier, 2015; Kuper & Marks, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kuper & Marks, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Lawrence et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Microscopy and Microanalysis
Abbreviation	Microsc. Microanal.
ISSN (print)	1431-9276
ISSN (online)	1435-8115
Scope	Instrumentation