How to format your references using the Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Desplan, C., 2007. Time to pick the fly’s brain. Nature 450, 173.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jaramillo, F., Destouni, G., 2015. Local flow regulation and irrigation raise global human water consumption and footprint. Science 350, 1248–1251.

A journal article with 3 authors

Marasco, A., Limongiello, A., Migliore, M., 2013. Using Strahler’s analysis to reduce up to 200-fold the run time of realistic neuron models. Sci. Rep. 3, 2934.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gupta, S., Collier, J.S., Palmer-Felgate, A., Potter, G., 2007. Catastrophic flooding origin of shelf valley systems in the English Channel. Nature 448, 342–345.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Turner, J.R., Durham, T.A., 2008. Integrated Cardiac Safety: Assessment Methodologies for Noncardiac Drugs in Discovery, Development, and Postmarketing Surveillance. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Farid, A.M., Suh, N.P. (Eds.), 2016. Axiomatic Design in Large Systems: Complex Products, Buildings and Manufacturing Systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Iaaly, A., Jadayel, R., Jadayel, O., 2011. Passing GIS Knowhow from University Students to secondary School Students: pedagogical Approach in developing youngster’s Capabilities and Understanding in GIS, in: Ruas, A. (Ed.), Advances in Cartography and GIScience. Volume 2: Selection from ICC 2011, Paris, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 49–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Hurricane Forecast Accuracy Is Improving, But Don’t Overly Focus On The Skinny Black Line [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/hurricane-forecast-accuracy-improving-don-t-overly-focus-skinny-black-line/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Federal-Aid Highways: Federal Highway Administration Could Further Mitigate Locally Administered Project Risks (No. GAO-14-113). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jenkins, D., 2017. Leadership Best Practices for Female Executives in the Information Technology Industry (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W., 2016. Puerto Rico Debt Bill Takes Step. New York Times B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Desplan, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Desplan, 2007; Jaramillo and Destouni, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jaramillo and Destouni, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Gupta et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
Abbreviation	Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord.
ISSN (print)	2211-0348
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Neurology