How to format your references using the Multiple Sclerosis Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multiple Sclerosis Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Finkbeiner A. JASON past, present, and future: the world’s most independent defence science advisers. Nature. 2011; 477(7365):397–399.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Davies HML, Manning JR. Catalytic C-H functionalization by metal carbenoid and nitrenoid insertion. Nature. 2008; 451(7177):417–424.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Gillis AJ, Schuller AP, Skordalakes E. Structure of the Tribolium castaneum telomerase catalytic subunit TERT. Nature. 2008; 455(7213):633–637.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

1. Huang Y-K, Chen S-C, Ho Y-H, Lin C-Y, Lin M-F. Feature-rich magnetic quantization in sliding bilayer graphenes. Sci. Rep. 2014; 4:7509.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kerzner H. Project Management Case Studies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

1. Resch M, Bönisch T, Benkert K, et al. eds. High Performance Computing on Vector Systems: Proceedings of the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart, March 2005. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. von Dörnberg A. The global phenomenon of “low cost” carrier growth. In: Conrady R, Buck M, eds. Trends and Issues in Global Tourism 2007. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007:53–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multiple Sclerosis Journal.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Amazing Drone Footage Of Sudan’s Mysterious & Forgotten Pyramids. IFLScience. 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/watch-interesting-drone-footage-el-kurru-pyramids/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Education Research: Preliminary Observations on the Institute of Education Sciences’ Research and Evaluation Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gao H. Extracting Key Features for Analysis and Recognition in Computer Vision. 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rothenberg B. Dueling Frenchwomen Show Signs of a Thaw After Their Chilly Match. New York Times. 2017:B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1],[2].
This sentence cites four references [1]–[4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Multiple Sclerosis Journal
Abbreviation	Mult. Scler.
ISSN (print)	1352-4585
ISSN (online)	1477-0970
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology