How to format your references using the Nano Biomedicine and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nano Biomedicine and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Murphy DM. Atmospheric science. Something in the air. Science. 2005; 307(5717):1888–1890.

A journal article with 2 authors

Savill J, Fadok V. Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death. Nature. 2000; 407(6805):784–788.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wible B, Mervis J, Wigginton NS. The global supply chain. Rethinking the global supply chain. Introduction. Science. 2014; 344(6188):1100–1103.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ouyang M, Huang JL, Cheung CL, Lieber CM. Energy gaps in “metallic” single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science. 2001; 292(5517):702–705.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blair R. Organic Production and Food Quality. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Barceló D, editor. Fuel Oxygenates. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Wong JL-N. THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL INTERPRETATION OF DECENTRALIZATION POLICY ON SCHOOL AUTONOMY IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE OF CHINA. In: Bjork C, editor. Educational Decentralization: Asian Experiences and Conceptual Contributions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. p. 43–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nano Biomedicine and Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E. When Did Megalodon Disappear From The Oceans? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-calculations-suggest-megalodon-became-extinct-26-million-years-ago/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Intellectual Property: Patent Examination and Copyright Office Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vestergaard EV. The shadow in Latvian mythological legends: A Jungian perspective. 2015;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dunlap DW, Beachy SC. Seeking the Final Faces to Fill a Sept. 11 Tapestry. New York Times. 2016; :A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Abbreviation	Nano Biomed. Eng.
ISSN (online)	2150-5578
Scope	Biomedical Engineering