How to format your references using the National Identities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for National Identities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hyman, S. (2014). Mental health: depression needs large human-genetics studies. Nature, 515(7526), 189–191.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hochberg, Y. V., & Fehder, D. C. (2015). ENTREPRENEURSHIP. Accelerators and ecosystems. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6240), 1202–1203.

A journal article with 3 authors

Coumou, D., Driesner, T., & Heinrich, C. A. (2008). The structure and dynamics of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5897), 1825–1828.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Mkhoyan, K. A., Batson, P. E., Cha, J., Schaff, W. J., & Silcox, J. (2006). Direct determination of local lattice polarity in crystals. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5778), 1354.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simon, P., Brousse, T., & Favier, F. (2017). Supercapacitors Based on Carbon or Pseudocapacitive Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Abu el Ata, N. (2014). Solving the Dynamic Complexity Dilemma: Predictive and Prescriptive Business Management: Answering the Need for a New Paradigm (M. J. Perks, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Arvind, V., Rattan, G., & Joglekar, P. (2015). On the Complexity of Noncommutative Polynomial Factorization. In G. F. Italiano, G. Pighizzini, & D. T. Sannella (Eds.), Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science 2015: 40th International Symposium, MFCS 2015, Milan, Italy, August 24-28, 2015, Proceedings, Part II (pp. 38–49). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for National Identities.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, June 24). Super-Earths Have Continents Too. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/super-earths-have-continents-too/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). Concurrent Development and Production of MK-12A Reentry Vehicle (PSAD-79-2). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grayson, N. (2014). Development of a preliminary scale of counterproductive experiences in supervision: Attitudes of clinical psychology doctoral students [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Liptak, A., & Wines, M. (2017, May 15). Justices Thwart Strict Voter ID Law That Unevenly Hurt Blacks. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hyman, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Hochberg & Fehder, 2015; Hyman, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hochberg & Fehder, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Mkhoyan et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	National Identities
ISSN (print)	1460-8944
ISSN (online)	1469-9907
Scope	History General Earth and Planetary Sciences General Environmental Science